Gladiolus MM 10-34

Seed parent: Gladiolus priorii
Pollen parent: Gladiolus odoratus

My first new hybrid of winter 2013-14 is in bloom, and it’s a nice one.

Although most of my hybridization efforts are in Moraea, I also experiment casually with other genera, including Romulea, Calochortus, and Gladiolus.  The new hybrid, MM 10-34, is a cross I made in 2010 between Gladiolus priorii and Gladiolus odoratus (now known as G. guthriei).

Here's G. odoratus:

It's a kind of mauvey-colored flower with a pale yellow background. Not the most beautiful color combination, but it’s fantastically freckled and striped. Here's G. priorii:

It's bright tomato red with a yellow throat, and has no speckles or streaks.


And how here are the offspring. They picked up the freckling of odoratus and much of the color of priorii. The flowers are a bronzy-red color that’s hard to photograph accurately. As you can see, individual plants vary in darkness...

Both priorii and odoratus bloom in early winter (mid- to late-November here in California), and the hybrid blooms then too. It’s a time when few bulbs are in bloom, so I’m very happy to have something new to look at.

This cross has the same inheritance pattern I’ve seen in other Gladiolus hybrids: speckles and streaks are carried over into the hybrids, while the color is a blend of the two parents.

I’m freezing some pollen from this plant, so I can try to cross it with some of the spring-blooming Gladiolus species. I’d like to see if I can get some plants that bloom in mid-winter, extending the blooming season further. But the only fall-spring cross I’ve made so far, MM 00-00 (G. gracilis x G. priorii), blooms in spring at the same time as gracilis.

Moraea longiaristata

I grow some plants that I'm sure are this species, and others that are a bit of a mystery. Let's start with the species.

In my records, I call this longiaristata form b, because it's the second form I obtained under that name. I received the seeds of this beautiful little flower from Cameron and Rhoda McMaster in South Africa:

It took seven years for this species to go from seed to flower. That's unusually long for Moraea, and I don't know if it was due to the plants or to my cultural practices. I started them in pots and then moved them to a raised bed.

One individual finally bloomed in May of 2019, later than almost every other Moraea in my collection. It's a small flower, under an inch across (about 2 cm). But its intricate markings make it worthwhile. Here are a few other views:

Since only one plant bloomed, I self-pollinated one of its flowers (no luck, which is usual for most Moraea species). I also made crosses with a couple of other species and hybrids. Two of those crosses took, so this species is interfertile with at least part of subgenus Vieusseuxia.

If you look closely at the center of the photos above you can see the long straight inner tepals that are a key identifier for this species (they're the little white strips in the middle of the flower that look like a shepherd's crook). Keep those in mind because they relate to the story that follows.

Now for the mystery, which I grow as longiaristata form a. Below you'll see photos of some white flowers with a varying number of blue spots on them. I received them from a friend, who grew them as M. longiaristata. He's a very careful grower, so I am sure he received them under this name. But when they bloomed I puzzled over their identification, because according to the books, M. longiaristata is supposed to have the single, straight inner tepal you see in the photos above. The ones I received have an inner tepal with three points on it, the middle one curled. That may sound like a minor distinction, but the biologists use the inner tepal as an identifier for many species.

For comparison, you can see some verified photos of M. longiaristata here.

I thought these might be M. unguiculata, which has a curled inner tepal. I posted some of the photos below to iSpot, a site that was dedicated to nature observation in South Africa (the equivalent today is iNaturalist). The answer I got from the Moraea experts there is that this might actually be M. longiaristata, but could also be M. algoensis, or a hybrid between the two species.

For my own records, I'm going to leave it marked as "M. longiaristata?" because I trust the grower who gave it to me. But I am being careful not to mix it with the species.

By the way, if you have any ideas on its identification, please post a comment.

This individual has relatively few spots...

To me, the flower below looks a bit like pictures of M. tricuspidata, but it's a very small plant and doesn't bloom late enough in the season.

This one has a lot of spots...

As you can see, these are very small plants.

Here's that three-lobed, curved inner tepal.

Whatever its identification, this is a cute little thing, and it's the parent of some hybrids that have a ton of spots on them.

Moraea bellendenii

This is one of my latest-blooming winter Moraeas, coming into bloom in mid- to late April, just as most of the other species finish. The flowers are fairly small, but grow on tall stems. Flower color ranges from pale to bright yellow.

Moraea loubseri

Nearly extinct in the wild, this species is known only from a single rock quarry in South Africa. After M. loubseri was discovered, the mining was stopped, but very few of the plants remain. The folks in South Africa seem to be keeping a death watch over the site, checking each year to see if any of the bulbs bloom. In some years they don't, and word goes around that the species may be extinct. Then a couple of plants will be seen in flower.

It's a pretty depressing situation.

Fortunately, M. loubseri is fairly easy to grow in cultivation, and it has been distributed to enthusiasts around the world. It's an interesting flower, with purple tepals and a deep blue nectar guide covered in black hairs. The center of the flower is translucent and colored yellow-green, with more black hairs on it.

Moraea MM 11-135

Seed parent: Moraea MM 99-00b (atropunctata x neopavonia?)
Pollen parent: Moraea MM 03-98b (atropunctata x calcicola)

I crossed an orange flower with a pale purple one that has spots. I was hoping for an orange flower with spots, but instead, in 2013, I got a couple of flowers that look a lot like the seed parent. I wondered if maybe the cross could have self-pollinated, or if the bees tricked me. Then in spring 2015, a third plant bloomed, and it was yellow. I'm delighted to have another yellow hybrid (they've been hard for me to make), but I'm surprised that this cross produced it. Who knows that's going on?

MM 11-135a

MM 11-135b

11-135c. Strongly yellow in the center, fading to pale yellow on the outer ends of the tepals.

Moraea MM 11-128

Seed parent: Moraea MM 03-98c (atropunctata x calcicola)
Pollen parent: Moraea MM 03-99a (neopavonia x villosa)

I wanted to see what I would get if I crossed a purple freckled flower with a bright orange one. Would I get an orange freckled flower?

The answer: kind of. The flowers are very pale orange, and there aren't very many freckles. But they're nice looking.

MM 11-128a.

MM 11-128b.

Moraea MM 11-69

Seed parent: Moraea MM 03-07B ((M. atropunctata x neopavonia) X villosa F)

Pollen parent: Moraea tripetala (pale blue form)














Here we have a blue-purple flower crossed with a pale orange one that has freckles on the back. The result is, naturally, a striped flower!

I have no idea how the genetics of that works, but it's fascinating to see the sort of diversity you get out of these multispecies crosses.

MM 11-69A

Moraea MM 11-101

Seed parent: Moraea MM 03-98a (atropunctata x calcicola)
Pollen parent: Moraea gigandra

This one's very similar to MM 11-61, which is not surprising because the parents are similar. In the plant you see here, the white ring around the blue eye is a bit broader.

I like the tidiness of this flower. There is a nice contrast in colors, and the borders between the colors are crisp.

MM 11-101a

MM 11-101b

MM 11-101c

This one looks more purple than the others, but that's just because the sunlight was bright that day. The center, however, is grayish rather than the orange of the other two offspring.

Moraea MM 11-61

Seed parent: Moraea MM 03-98c (atropunctata x calcicola)
Pollen parent: Moraea gigandra

I was happy that this one bloomed only two years after the cross was made, while the corms were still in the seed cup. Moraeas usually take three years to bloom. Compare to MM 11-101, a similar cross.

MM 11-61a. This was a nice surprise. It has the basic look and shape of Moraea gigandra, but with an orange center that apparently comes from the orange in the center of the seed parent.

MM 11-61b. Similar to form a, but with a white center.

MM 11-61c. I don't know what to think about this one. It's very different from its siblings, and looks a lot like M. villosa.

MM 11-61d. Looks a lot like form b, but with less white in the middle.

MM 11-61e. Could actually be form c. It's hard to tell because my only photo of it was taken at night.

Moraea lurida

This one blooms very late in my garden, with the flowers sometimes not opening until early May. Most of the other Moraeas bloom from March to mid-April, so this is quite a contrast.

Online photos show that Moraea lurida grows in the wild in a bewildering variety of colors, including white, maroon, purple, and orange. But the selection usually available in the US is pale yellow with dark mauve markings. I have that one, and also a form that's uniform dark mauve, almost black. I'm trying to find more color forms, but I think most of them are not available in cultivation. If you know where to find them, please post a comment!

The shapes and markings of these flowers are very interesting, if not always beautiful. The flowers are reportedly pollinated by flies, so presumably that puts different evolutionary pressures on them.

The plants come from a slightly moister part of South Africa, and appear to appreciate a bit more moisture than some of the other species. I suspect they might be happiest with a bit of summer water.

This species can be crossed with at least some of the "peacock" Moraeas. The hybrids are weird and sometimes wonderful, with heavy veins and strange dark eyes.

Moraea lurida form a (pale yellow and maroon). This is the one that's generally available in the US.

Here's the plant in bud, with elaborate stripes on the backs of the tepals.

Moraea lurida form b (velvety dark maroon). This is supposedly the more common form in South Africa. I haven't yet bloomed hybrids made with this one. I believe it blooms more reliably when you burn a little bit of grass and sticks over it during the summer dormancy.

This photo was overexposed to show you the slightly orange shade in the central cup of the flower (what botanists call the tepal claws, I believe).

Moraea atropunctata

This isn't technically grouped as one of the "peacock" Moraeas, I guess because it doesn't have bright colors. But I think it is a beautiful flower, and crosses with the Peacocks readily.

The tepals are just slightly cream colored, with heavy brown-orange spotting on the back. The center of the flower is black and hairy, with just a hint of orange to it. Around the center are some dark brown freckles. The number and density of freckles varies from plant to plant.

These plants are somewhat finicky in my garden, sulking if they don't get enough drainage. They also don't seem to make many offsets for me, so I am trying to make a point of propagating them by seed on a regular basis. They are quite rare in nature, so if you're growing them please take good care of them.

Here's a side view. Note the fleshy color of the central crests.

Here's a flower as it is just opening. You can see the orange-brown spots on the backs of the tepals.

I call this one form a

I call this one form c

The form below has more spots, some of them purple. I wondered if it might be an accidental hybrid, but then I found this photo of a plant in the wild on the iNaturalist service, and it has somewhat similar colors. So there's more variation in the species than you usually see in captivity. (This one has yellow pollen, by the way. The ones above have orange pollen.)

One unusual thing I've noticed about these plants is that when the flowers are damp (for example, from rainfall or overnight dew), the flowers turn brown. But when they dry out again they're white.

Here's a damp flower:

And here it is after it dried out: